In this diagram by Dr. Thomas Nogier, the production, transmission, and utilisation of the sun's rays are visualised in a surprisingly artistic way. A scientific understanding of sunlight was an important component in proliferation of heliotherapy and phototherapy. Heliotherapy, an ancient practice of total bodily exposure to sunlight, and phototherapy, pioneered in the 1890s, were considered revolutionary treatments by the year 1900 for sufferers of tuberculosis, smallpox, lupus, and chronic conditions such as arthritis.