McLoughlin, John. The Indians from Fort William to Lake of the Woods, ca. 1806. An electronic transcription. MFTP #0023

As to their Goverment they live in an Entire state of freedom, and Liberty and the Authority of their Chiefs is entirely personal and no further obey'd th by the others than suits their will and Inclination of course they have no regular manner of doing Justice to the Injur'd but in default of which the Injur'd have the same freedom and often means of agres revenging as the agressor has of commiting, hence the fear of retaliation operates as strongly on their minds as punishment by law in the civilized world[.]

As to their food is consists of flesh Rice and Fish with the addition in some places of wild Rice, which is the Only Kind of pulse the have[.]

Wild Rice call[']d by the natives Ma-no-meu-en grow in fShallow lakes with a Muddy mixt with a Sandy bottom and in the waters along the banks of Rivers it is ripe in the month of August September they go through it with their small canoes and with a Stick they bend the Stem over the Canoe, and with an other beat the husk so that the grain falls in the canoe, then place it over a small fire on hay or Small willows for to dry by degrees – after which they place it in holes dug in the Ground and lin[']d with dress'd Skins and pound it with a mortar or trample it with their feet till

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