A leaf from an album of nastaʿlīq calligraphy (muraqqaʿ) by Muḥammd Qāsim Tabrīzī, dated 1284/1867-8. Introduced in the late 15th century, nastaʿlīq became the Persian script par excellence. Here the calligrapher shows individual letterforms measured by means of rhombic dots, which was a standard method used for proportioned scripts, such as thuluth.